PTSD – The How and Why of Mindfulness and Meditation
Many recent research studies have been published on the benefits of mindfulness skills and meditation practice 
for various clinical conditions. Common interventions with these practices are used to improve anxiety, chronic pain, depression, depression relapse, addictions, addictions relapse, eating problems, and trauma. Since the year 2000 there has been growing and convincing evidence on uses of mindfulness and meditation in treatment of traumatic experiences. To name the most popular: MBSR, DBT, MBCT, MBRP, ACT. Although The American Psychological Association’s expert panel on treatment guidelines for PTSD has NOT included mindfulness and meditation as a recommended intervention (at least they did not state any opposition), those of us who practice meditation or yoga on our own and use these skills in our therapy KNOW they can be effective in improving various traumatic experiences. Some proponents of CBT include mindfulness skills in their therapy. Here are the reasons why mindfulness and meditation may be helpful:
- To develop solid grounding in therapy;
- To reconnect with a softer, more caring heart in the process;
- To learn and use calming and equanimity skills;
- To improve self-compassion;
- To cultivate better inner peace;
- To practice good self-care via loving kindness meditation;
- To rediscover your stronger true self under all the pain and suffering;
- To build skills that allow you to connect with suffering and remain an integrated person;
- To master choiceless awareness in the midst of your pain; and,
- To build good coping skills that can be used free-of-charge for the rest of your life.
Additionally, learned and regularly used mindfulness and meditation practices provide the following possible benefits:
- To respond effectively to stress reactivity;
- To slowly radically accept moment-to-moment experiences – even if unpleasant;
- To open the doorway to do work with your own body;
- To take steps in the integration of body-heart-mind processes;
- To learn how to befriend intrusive, painful memories;
- To reduce your arousal level;
- To learn to reduce avoidance behavior to escape psychological and physical pain;
- To Learn how to balance your emotional and rational minds;
- To learn curiosity and friendliness skills in the face of painful experiences;
- To learn various breathing techniques to anchor your awareness and your body; and,
- To, ultimately, achieve a level of equanimity in your recovery.
For more information refer to Davis, L. (2016). Meditation for Healing Trauma: Mindfulness Skills to Ease Post-Traumatic Stress…Oakland, CA: New Harbinger, pp. 1-36. Dr. Davis is a clinical psychologist working in the Veterans Administration and teaching at the Indiana University School of Medicine. She is an expert in using CBT and MBSR in therapy.
Anthony R. Quintiliani, PhD., LADC
From the Eleanor R. Liebman Center for Secular Meditation in Monkton, Vermont
Author of Mindful Happiness
positive thoughts and emotions. When we get stuck in negative cycles of thinking, feeling and doing our right brain and limbic area dominate. A very old mindfulness belief is that you are not your thoughts, your emotions, or your behaviors; these parts of you are simply associated with your life experiences. When a client learns to defuse a though it means they have changed its linguistic structure and removed it from being cemented into their CABs, or cognition-affect-behavior cycles. In all good therapies, especially Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and various mindfulness therapies (MBCR, DBT, MBCT, MBRP, ACT), helpers often work on truth-analysis of unhelpful, repetitive, negative thoughts patterns – especially those embedded into CABs cycles of ineffective experiences. Self-medication, isolation, and avoidance are commonly associated with these realities. Sometimes this work includes meta-cognitive analysis regarding your thoughts about your thoughts or the patterns of your thoughts. The clear logic is that the words we often tell ourselves in times of stress or fear are NOT often true. Of course, if indeed you are seriously endangered best to allow your limbic brain area to save your life. The list below will note various approaches used to defuse thoughts from our experience of being, our CABs cycles.
example: “I am so worthless” helps solidify your brain plasticity about personal meanings and images. Try this: “Sometimes I feel worthless” or “When really bad things happen, I can feel worthless” or “My unpleasant feeling can relate to feeling less worthwhile.”
more impulsively to escape from the painful feeling tone or to quickly improve it. We tell ourselves stories about “how bad it is” as we immediately work to reduce the psychic suffering. This is where so many common human problems are born; this is where we may begin habitual behaviors around eating, consuming, angering, isolating, acting out, acting in, using mind-altering substances, and greediness, etc. There are ways to reduce this kind of mindbody stuckness and misery.
increase personal freedom with the skill of pausing between stimulus and reaction. Become more liberated by practicing your PAUSE, then label in a neutral manner – just wait it out. No need to avoid or to self-medicate the unpleasant feeling. This is our best HOPE to master choiceless awareness, especially when it leads to unpleasant feeling tones. Simply pause and label: “I am feeling unpleasantness in my body.” This too will pass. Try NOT to be more specific, since doing so may lead to stories and avoidance behaviors (negative reinforcement). Negative reinforcement by way of quick relief from suffering WILL cause unhealthy habits to form. The more you avoid or self-medicate painful feelings, the stronger the habit will become. This is a path to powerlessness NOT liberation. Just pause and label “I am feeling unpleasantness.” WAIT! Get stronger is your tolerance. Become a more satisfied and happier person. Just keep labeling without actions.
In our culture high stress is a norm, and we compete as if our lives depended upon it. The norms of pleasant, unpleasant and neutral experiences are realistic as well as Buddhist realities. We have, do, and will suffer. We make an error in thinking that material security or luxury alone will make us happy. There is a long research tradition showing this is not true most of the time. There are many mindfulness-based skills and practices that could help to improve YOUR OWN personal happiness. You do have to do them! Practice daily even if for a few minutes; consciously do your best to extend practice time little-by-little until you reach at least twenty minutes a day. More time results in better outcomes. See the list below for ideas about what skills to practice. It is UP TO YOU. If you want to change things for the better, you need to practice daily. If you think “I do not have the time for this” experiment with replacing your daily worry time with practice time. See what happens.
the best of object relations therapy, mindfulness therapy (MBSR, ACT), and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Here is the listing of therapeutic functions and interventions.